Wisdom-Centered Life

All people will be able to flourish in a flourishing natural world
Home
About Wisdom
Research
Desiderata
Research to 2010
Cultivating wisdom
WCL Course
Wisdom links
About Us
Contact Us
Site Map
Spirituality
For contemplating
Good Life
Wisdom Companion

Psychological Research on Wisdom 1980-2010

Compiled by Richard Hawley Trowbridge, Ph.D.[1]

wisdomcenteredlife.org

 

 

Chronological list of the published research 1980-2010 1

Research Studies 1980-2010 organized by theme 8

Berlin Wisdom Project 8

Model testing & developing 9

Wisdom and age 9

Life-satisfaction 10

Personality correlates 10

Self-transcendence 10

Measuring 11

Qualitative 12

Longitudinal 12

Multicultural 13

Applied wisdom 13

Developing wisdom 14

Implicit theories 14

Marginal 15

 

 

Chronological list of the published research 1980-2010

1980

1.   Clayton, Vivian P. and James E. Birren. 1980. “The Development Of Wisdom Across the Life Span: A Reexamination Of an Ancient Topic.” Life-Span Development and Behavior 3: 103-135.

1985

2.   Sternberg, Robert J. 1985. “Implicit Theories of Intelligence, Creativity, and Wisdom.” Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 49(3), September:607-627.

1986

3.   Holliday, Stephen G., Michael J. Chandler. 1986. Wisdom: Explorations in Adult Competence. Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG.

1989

4.   Sowarka, D. 1989. “Weisheit und weise Personen: Common-Sense-Konzepte älterer Menschen” [“Wisdom and Wise Persons: Common Sense Concepts of Older People”]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 21:87-109.

5.   Staudinger, Ursula M. 1989. The Study of Life Review: An Approach To the Investigation Of Intellectual Development Across the Life Span. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung—Edition Sigma.

1990

6.      Smith, Jacqui, & Paul B. Baltes. 1990. “A Study of Wisdom-Related Knowledge: Age/Cohort Differences in Response to Life-Planning Problems.” Developmental Psychology 26(3), May:494-505.

7.   Orwoll, Lucinda, and Marion Perlmutter. 1990. “The Study of Wise Persons: Integrating a Personality Perspective.” Pp. 160-177 in Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development, edited by Robert. J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press.

8.   Kitchener, Karen Strohm, & Brenner, Helene G. 1990. Wisdom and Reflective Judgment: Knowing in the Face of Uncertainty. Pp. 212-229 in Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development, edited by Robert. J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press.

1991

9.      Thomas, L. Eugene. 1991. Dialogues with Three Religious Renunciates and Reflections on Wisdom and Maturity. International Journal of Aging and Human Development Vol. 32(3). pp. 211-227.

1992

10.  Staudinger, U. M., J. Smith, & P. B. Baltes. 1992. “Wisdom-Related Knowledge In a Life Review Task: Age Differences and the Role of Professional Specialization.” Psychology And Aging 7(2), June:271-281.

1994

11.  Smith, Jacqui; Ursula M. Staudinger, & Paul B. Baltes. 1994. “Occupational Settings Facilitating Wisdom-Related Knowledge.” Journal Of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62(5), October:989-999.

1995

12.   Baltes, Paul B., Ursula M. Staudinger, Andreas Maercker, & Jacqui Smith. 1995. “People Nominated as Wise: A Comparative Study of Wisdom-Related Knowledge.” Psychology and Aging 10(2), June:155-166.

13.   Denney, Nancy W., James R. Dew, and Shenan L. Kroupa. 1995. “Perceptions of Wisdom: What Is It and Who Has It?” Journal of Adult Development 2(1): 37-47.

1996

14.   Staudinger, Ursula M., Paul B. Baltes. 1996. “Interactive Minds: A Facilitative Setting for Wisdom-Related Performance?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71(4), October:746-762.

1997

15.   Ardelt, Monika. 1997. “Wisdom and Life Satisfaction in Old Age.” Journal of Gerontoloy: Psychological Sciences, Vol. 52B(1):P15-P27.

16.   Hershey, Douglas A., & Alicia H. Farrell. 1997. “Perceptions of Wisdom Associated with Selected Occupations.” Current Psychology 16(2), Summer:115-130.

17.   Hira, Francis J., & Patricia J. Faulkender. 1997. “Perceiving Wisdom: Do Age and Gender Play a Part?” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 44(2):85-101.

18.   Staudinger, U. M., David. F. Lopez, & P. B. Baltes. 1997. “The Psychometric Location of Wisdom-Related Performance: Intelligence, Personality, And More?” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 23(11):1200-1214.

19.   Wink, Paul, and Ravenna Helson. 1997. “Practical and Trancendent Wisdom: Their Nature and Some Longitudinal Findings.” Journal of Adult Development 4(1):1-15.

1998

20.   Maercker, A., S. Böhmig, & U. M. Staudinger. 1998. “Existentielle Konfrontation: Eine Untersuchung mit einem psychologischen Weisheitsparadigma” [“Existential confrontation: An Empirical Investigation Using a Psychological Wisdom Paradigm”]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie [Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology] 30:2-12. (Note = Baltes et al. 1995)

21.   Staudinger, Ursula M., Anna G. Maciel, Jacqui Smith, & Paul B. Baltes. 1998. “What Predicts Wisdom-Related Performance? A First Look At Personality, Intelligence, and Facilitative Experiential Contexts.” European Journal of Personality 12:1-17.

22.   Ardelt, Monika. 1998. Social crisis and individual growth: the long-term effects of the great depression. Journal of Aging Studies, Vol. 12, Issue 3, Fall. pp. 291-314.

23.   Ahmadi, F. 1998. Sufism and gerotranscendence: the impact of way of thinking, culture, and aging on spiritual maturity. Journal of Aging and Identity, 3, 4, 189–211.

24.   Marchand, Helena. 1998. Wisdom: A Case of High Level of Human Performance. In A.C. Quelhas & F. Pereira (Eds.), Cognition and Context (pp. 367-380). Lisboa: ISPA

1999

25.   Levitt, H.M. 1999. “The Development of Wisdom: An Analysis of Tibetan Buddhist Experience.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 39:86–105.  

26.   Oser, Fritz K., Dominik Schenker, Maria Spychiger. 1999. “Wisdom: An Action-Oriented Approach.” Pp. 155-172 in Psychological Studies On Spiritual and Religious Development: Being Human: The Case Of Religion, Vol. 2., edited by K. Helmut Reich, Fritz K. Oser, W. George Scarlett. Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers.

27.   Knight, A., and Parr, W. 1999. Age as a Factor of Judgements of Wisdom and Creativity. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 28, pp. 37-47.

2000

28.   Ahmadi, Fereshtah. (2000). Reflections on spiritual maturity and gerotranscendence: Dialogues with two Sufis. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 11(2), 43–74.

29.   Ahmadi Lewin, Fereshteh. 2000. Development Towards Wisdom and Maturity: Sufi Conception of Self. Journal of Aging and Identity Vol. 5(3) September, pp. 137-149.

30.   Ardelt, Monika. 2000. “Antecedents and Effects of Wisdom in Old Age: A Longitudinal Perspective on Aging Well.” Research on Aging, Vol 22(4), July:360-394.

31.   Takahashi, Masami, & Prashant Bordia. 2000. “The Concept of Wisdom: A Cross-cultural Comparison.” International Journal of Psychology 35(1), February 1:1-9.

32.    Brugman, Gerard. 2000. Wisdom: Source of Narrative Coherence & Eudaimonia. Delft, the Netherlands: Eburon.

2001

33.   Jason, Leonard A., Arne Reichler, Caroline King, Derryk Madsen, Jennifer Camacho, Wendy Marchese. 2001. “The Measurement of Wisdom: A Preliminary Effort.” Journal of Community Psychology 29(5):585-598.

34.   Pasupathi, M., & U.M. Staudinger. 2001. “Do Advanced Moral Reasoners Also Show Wisdom? Linking Moral Reasoning and Wisdom-Related Knowledge and Judgement.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 25(5), September:401-415.

35.   Pasupathi, Monisha, Ursula M Staudinger, & Paul B. Baltes. 2001. “Seeds of Wisdom: Adolescents' Knowledge and Judgment About Difficult Life Problems.” Developmental Psychology 37(3), May:351-361.

36.  Yang, Shih-Ying. 2001. “Conceptions of Wisdom Among Taiwanese Chinese.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32(6), November:662-680.

37.   Takkinen, Sanna, and Ruoppila, Isto. 2001. Meaning in Life as an Important Component of Functioning in Old Age. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Vol 53(3), pp. 211-231.

2002

38.  Böhmig-Krumhaar, S. A., Staudinger, U. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Mehr Toleranz tut Not: Lässt sich wert-relativierendes Wissen und Urteilen mit Hilfe einer wissensaktivierenden Gedächtnisstrategie verbessern? [More tolerance is needed: Can value-relativistic knowledge and judgment be enhanced by means of a knowledge-activating memory strategy?]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 34, 30–43.

39.    Helson, Ravenna, & Sanjay Srivastava. 2002. “Creative and Wise People: Similarities, Differences, and How They Develop.” Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin 28(3), March:1430-1440.

40.   Montgomery, Anita, Clifton Barber, and Patrick McKee. 2002. “A Phenomenological Study of Wisdom In Later Life.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 54(2):139-157.

41.   Perry, Cheryl L., Kelli A. Komro, Resa M. Jones, Karen Munson, Carolyn L. Williams, Leonard Jason. 2002. “The Measurement of Wisdom and Its Relationship to Adolescent Substance Use and Problem Behaviors.” Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 12(1):45-63.

42.    Takahashi, Masami, & Willis F. Overton. 2002. “Wisdom: A Culturally Inclusive Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 26(3):269-277.  

2003

43.   Ardelt, Monika. 2003. “Empirical Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale.” Research on Aging, Vol. 25(3):275-324.

44.   Kunzmann, Ute, and P. B. Baltes. 2003. “Wisdom-Related Knowledge: Affective, Motivational, and Interpersonal Correlates.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29(9), September:1104-1119.

45.   Staudinger, Ursula M., & Monisha Pasupathi. 2003. “Correlates Of Wisdom-Related Performance in Adolescence and Adulthood: Age-Graded Differences in ‘Paths’ Toward Desirable Development.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 13(3 September):239-268.

46.   Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2003. “An Exploratory Analysis Of a Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale.” Journal of Adult Development 10(1), January:13-22.

47.   Wink, P. and Dillon, M. 2003. Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 18, 4, 916–24.

48.   Pelechano, Vicente, Fumero, Ascensión, & García, Livia. 2003. Acuerdo y Dificultad Percibida Como Criterios de Respuesta: Una Nota con Significación Teórica y Evaluativa en el Estudio de Refranes y Sabiduría. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 29(126), pp. 483-501.

49.  Tornstam, L. (2003) Gerotranscendence from young old age to old old age. Online publication from The Social Gerontology Group, Uppsala.  http://www.soc.uu.se/publications/fulltext/gtransoldold.pdf. no doi published.

 

2004

50.   Bluck, Susan, and Judith Glück. 2004. “Making Things Better and Learning a Lesson: Experiencing Wisdom Across the Lifespan.” Journal of Personality 72(3), June:543-572.

51.   Limas, Michael J. and Robert O. Hansson. 2004. “Organizational Wisdom.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 59(2):85-103.

52.   Brown, Scott C. 2004. Learning Across the  Campus: How College Facilitates the Development of Wisdom. Journal of College Student Development. Vol. 45(2), March/April: 134-148.

53.   Pelechano, Vicente, García, Livia, & Fumero, Ascensión. 2004. Refranes y Sabiduría: El Cuestionario REFPRUD-1 de Pelechano: Teoría, Lógica y Datos de Validación. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(129), pp. 5-49.

54.   Pelechano, Vicente, & Aguilera, F. J. 2004. El Cuestionario IA de Intolerancia de la Ambigüedad de Pelechano para Adultos: Presentación y Datos de Validación Interna, Convergente y Diferencial. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(133), pp. 627-662.

55.   García, Livia, & Pelechano, Vicente. 2004. Western Traditional Wisdom Philosophies and Personality: A Preliminary Study. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol.30(134), pp. 949-961.

56.   González Leandro, Pedro, & Pelechano, Vicente. 2004. Sabiduría Contemporánea, Motivación y Rendimiento Académico en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(134), pp. 963-975.

57.   Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2004. La Concepción Lega de Sabiduría, Intelligencia y Envejecimiento en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol 30(131), pp. 437-460.

58.   Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2004a. Personalidad, Conocimiento Relacionado con la Sabiduría y Rendimiento Adadémico en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol 30(134), pp. 977-990.

59.   Pelechano, Vicente, & Rivero, A. J. 2004. Una Contrastación Parcial del Modelo de Sabiduría de Berlín: Resultados, Reflexión y una Propuesta. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(132), pp. 465-493.

2005

60.   Glück, Judith, Susan Bluck, Jacqueline Baron, Dan P. McAdams. 2005. “The Wisdom Of Experience: Autobiographical Narratives Across Adulthood.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 29(3), May:197–208.

61.   Ardelt, Monika. (2005). How Wise People Cope with Crises and Obstacles in Life. Revision, Vol. 28, No. 1, Summer. pp. 7-19.

62.  Levenson, Michael R., Jennings, Patricia A., Aldwin, Carolyn M., Shiraishi, Ray W. (2005). Self-Transcendence: Conceptualization And Measurement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Vol. 60, No.2, pp. 127-143.  

63.   Le, Thao N.; Levenson, Michael R. 2005. Wisdom as self-transcendence: What's love (& individualism) got to do with it? Journal of Research in Personality, Vol 39(4), August. pp. 443-457.

64.   Pelechano, Vicente, García, Livia & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2005. Filosofías Éticas Tradicionales, Sabiduría Popular y Personalidad. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 31(140), pp. 713-735.

2006

65.   Brown, Scott C.; Greene, Jeffrey A. 2006. The Wisdom Development Scale: Translating the Conceptual to the Concrete. Journal of College Student Development, Vol 47(1), Jan-Feb. pp. 1-19.  

66.   Glück, Judith, Baltes, Paul B. 2006. Using the Concept of Wisdom to Enhance the Expression of Wisdom Knowledge: Not the Philosopher's Dream but Differential Effects of Developmental Preparedness. Psychology & Aging; Vol. 21:4, December. pp. 679-690.

67.   Jennings, Patricia A., Aldwin, Carolyn M., Levenson, Michael R., Spiro III, Avron, Mroczek, Daniel K. 2006. Combat Exposure, Perceived Benefits of Military Service, and Wisdom in Later Life. Research on Aging. 28:1 (January), pp. 115-134.

68.   Pelechano, Vicente. 2006, May. Sabiduría epicúrea y Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 6(2): 301-316.

69.   Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2006. Teoría Lega de Sabiduría en Adultos y Relaciones con el Yo Ideal. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 32(141), pp.65-81.

2007

70.   Alves, Paulo Jorge P. 2007. A sabedoria: Construção de uma nova escala. (Preview = Wisdom: Construction of new scale.) Psicologia Educação Cultura (Portugal), Vol 11(2), Dec 2007. pp. 289-306.

71.   Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth, Hall, Elisabeth O. C. 2007. Clinical wisdom among proficient nurses. Nursing Ethics, Vol 14(3), May. pp. 387-398.

72.   Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2007. Measuring the character strength of wisdom. International Journal of Aging & Human Development. Vol 65(2). pp. 163-183.

2008

73.   Le, Thao N. 2008. Cultural values, life experiences, and wisdom. International Journal of Aging & Human Development.  April (Vol 66(4) pp. 259-281.

74.   Le, Thao N. 2008a.  Age differences in spirituality, mystical experiences and wisdom. Ageing and Society. Cambridge: Apr 2008. Vol. 28(3); pp. 383-411.

75.   Mickler, Charlotte, Staudinger, Ursula M. 2008. Personal Wisdom: Validation and Age-Related Differences of a Performance Measure. Psychology & Aging; Dec, Vol. 23(4), pp. 787-799.

76.   Moberg, Dennis. 2008. Mentoring and Practical Wisdom: Are Mentors Wiser or Just More Politically Skilled?Journal of Business Ethics. Dordrecht: Dec 2008. Vol. 83, Iss. 4; p. 835.

77.   Yang, Shih-Ying.  2008. A Process View of Wisdom. Journal of adult development Vol. 15 Issue 2, pp. 62-75.

78.   Ardelt, M. (2008). Self-development through selflessness: The paradoxical process of growing wiser. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 221–233.

79.   Ardelt, Monika. 2008a. Being Wise at Any Age. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Positive Psychology: Exploring th eBest in People, Volume 1: Discovering Human Strengths. Westport, CT: Praeger. pp. 81-108.

80.   Benedikovicová, J., & Ardelt, M. (2008). The Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale in cross-cultural context: A comparison between American and Slovak college students. Studia Psychologica, 50(2), 179–190.

81.   González-Leandro, Pedro, Pelechano, Vicente, & Garcia, Livia. 2008. Concepción Lega de Sabio, Inteligente y Listo en Adolescentes. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, Vol 8(2), pp. 495-508.

82.   Gibson, Paul S. 2008. Developing practical management wisdom. Journal of Management Development. Volume: 27 No. 5, Pp: 528 – 536.

83.   Yang, Shih-Ying. 2008a.  Real-life contextual manifestations of wisdom. International Journal of Aging and Human Development Vol. 67(4), pp. 273-303

2009

84.    Rowley, Jennifer; Slack, Frances. 2009. Conceptions of wisdom. Journal of Information Science. Amsterdam: Vol. 35(1 Feb); pp. 110-119.

85.   Ardelt, Monika (2009)'How Similar are Wise Men and Women? A Comparison Across Two Age Cohorts', Research in Human Development,Vol. 6(1),pp. 9-26

86.   Glück, Judith, Strasser, Irene and Bluck, Susan. 2009. 'Gender Differences in Implicit Theories of Wisdom', Research in Human Development, 6(1),pp. 27-44.

87.   Greene, Jeffrey A.; Brown, Scott C.; The Wisdom Development Scale: Further validity investigations. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, Vol 68(4), 2009. pp. 289-320.

88.   Yang, Shih-Ying.  2009. Wisdom and Leadership: Experiential Learning in Contexts of Higher Education. Educatoinal Policy Forum 2009(8), 162. Chinese.

89.   Ylimaki, Rose Marie;  McClain, Leslie J. 2009. Wisdom-centred educational leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, Vol. 12(1) Jan-March, pp. 13-33.

90.   Beaumont, Sherry L. 2009. Identity Processing and Personal Wisdom: An Information-Oriented Identity Style Predicts Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence. Identity, Vol. 9(2) April, pp. 95-115.

91.   Breier, Mignonne and Ralphs, Alan. 2009. In search of phronesis: recognizing practical wisdom in the Recognition (Assessment) of Prior Learning. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 30(4),pp. 479-493.

92.   Phan, Loan T; Rivera, Edil Torres; Volker, Martin; Maddux, Cleborne D. 2009. Wisdom in multicultural counseling: The omitted ingredient. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia. Vol.43(1), Jan-April, pp. 154-161.

93.    Aldwin, C. M., Levenson, M. R., & Kelly, L. (2009). Life span developmental perspectives on stressrelated growth. In C. L. Park, S. C. Lechner, M. H. Antoni, & A. L. Stanton (Eds.), Medical illness and positive life change: Can crisis lead to personal transformation? (pp. 87–104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

2010

94.   Bailey, Andrew and Russell, Keith. 2010. A Way to Wisdom Through Service and Relationships. Journal of Experiential Education, Volume 32(3) pp. 317–321.

95.   Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2010. Wisdom and Positive Psychosocial Values in Young Adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, Vol. 17, pp. 70-80.

96.   Rathunde, Kevin. 2010. Experiential Wisdom and Optimal Experience: Interviews with Three Distinguished Lifelong Learners. Journal of Adult Development, Vol. 17, pp. 81-93.

97.   Linden, M.; Baumann, K. and Lieberei, B. 2010. Cognitive behavioral wisdom psychotherapy in the treatment of posttraumatic embitterment disorders. European Psychiatry. Volume 25, Supplement 1, p. 1057.

98.   Pellón Arcaya, Mario; Sepúlveda, Juan Mansilla; Cantero, Daniel San Martín. 2010. Importancia de la Sabiduría Didáctica Práctica como Fuente de Conocimiento Base para la Enseñanza de la Anatomía. International Journal of Morphology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 219-226.

99.   Grossmann, Igor; Na, Jinkyung; Varnuma, Michael E. W; Park, Denise C; Kitayama, Shinobu; Nisbett, Richard E. 2010. Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol.107(16), April, pp. 7246-7250.

100.  Farquhar, Lynn. 2010. Wisdom in a Learning in Retirement Institute. Educational Gerontology, Volume 36(8) (August), pp. 641-653.

101.  Jeste, Dilip V.;  Ardelt, Monika; Blazer, Dan; Kraemer, Helena C.; Vaillant, George; and Thomas W. Meeks. 2010. Expert Consensus on Characteristics of Wisdom: A Delphi Method Study. The Gerontologist. Vol. 50(5), 668–680.

102.  Sternberg, Robert J. 2010. Assessment of gifted students for identification purposes: New techniques for a new millennium. Learning and Individual Differences Vol. 20. pp. 327–336.

103. McGrath, Robert E. , Rashid, Tayyab , Park, Nansook and Peterson, Christopher. (2010). 'Is Optimal Functioning a Distinct State?', The Humanistic Psychologist, Vol. 38(2), pp. 159-169.

104. Ardelt, M. (2010). Are older adults wiser than college students? A comparison of two age cohorts. Journal of Adult Development, 17(4), 193-207.

105. Bagozzi, Richard P. Belschak, Frank; Verbeke. Willem. (2010). The Role of Emotional Wisdom in Salespersons' Relationships with Colleagues and Customers. Psychology and Marketing 27(11), pages 1001–1031. Article first published online: 8 OCT 2010 DOI: 10.1002/mar.20370

106. Ardelt, Monika , Landes, Scott D. and Vaillant, George E.(2010) 'The Long-Term Effects of World War II Combat Exposure on Later Life Well-Being Moderated by Generativity', Research in Human Development, 7: 3, 202 —220 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2010.504505

107. Taylor, Matthew; Bates, Glen; Webster, Jeffrey Dean. Comparing the Psychometric Properties of Two Measures of Wisdom: Predicting Forgiveness and Psychological Well-Being with the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) and the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). Experimental Aging Research, 37(2), Mar/Apr,  p129-141, DOI: 10.1080/0361073X.2011.554508

Embargoed for one year.

2011

108. Michel Ferrari, Aftab Kahn, Marcus Benayon & Julie Nero. 2011.  Phronesis, Sophia, and Hochma: Developing wisdom in Islam and Judaism. Research in Human Development 8(2).

109. Sherry L. Beaumont (2011) Identity Styles and Wisdom During Emerging Adulthood: Relationships with Mindfulness and Savoring. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 11(2), 155-180.

 


Research Studies 1980-2010 organized by theme

 

This is a rough organization. RHT.

 

 

Berlin Wisdom Project

1.       Staudinger, Ursula M. 1989. The Study of Life Review: An Approach To the Investigation Of Intellectual Development Across the Life Span. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung—Edition Sigma.

2.      Smith, Jacqui, & Paul B. Baltes. 1990. “A Study of Wisdom-Related Knowledge: Age/Cohort Differences in Response to Life-Planning Problems.” Developmental Psychology 26(3), May:494-505.

3.      Staudinger, U. M., J. Smith, & P. B. Baltes. 1992. “Wisdom-Related Knowledge In a Life Review Task: Age Differences and the Role of Professional Specialization.” Psychology And Aging 7(2), June:271-281.

4.      Smith, Jacqui; Ursula M. Staudinger, & Paul B. Baltes. 1994. “Occupational Settings Facilitating Wisdom-Related Knowledge.” Journal Of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62(5), October:989-999.

5.      Baltes, Paul B., Ursula M. Staudinger, Andreas Maercker, & Jacqui Smith. 1995. “People Nominated as Wise: A Comparative Study of Wisdom-Related Knowledge.” Psychology and Aging 10(2), June:155-166.

6.      Staudinger, Ursula M., Paul B. Baltes. 1996. “Interactive Minds: A Facilitative Setting for Wisdom-Related Performance?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71(4), October:746-762.

7.      Staudinger, U. M., David. F. Lopez, & P. B. Baltes. 1997. “The Psychometric Location of Wisdom-Related Performance: Intelligence, Personality, And More?” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 23(11):1200-1214.

8.      Maercker, A., S. Böhmig, & U. M. Staudinger. 1998. “Existentielle Konfrontation: Eine Untersuchung mit einem psychologischen Weisheitsparadigma” [“Existential confrontation: An Empirical Investigation Using a Psychological Wisdom Paradigm”]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie [Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology] 30:2-12. (Note = Baltes et al. 1995)

9.       Staudinger, Ursula M., Anna G. Maciel, Jacqui Smith, & Paul B. Baltes. 1998. “What Predicts Wisdom-Related Performance? A First Look At Personality, Intelligence, and Facilitative Experiential Contexts.” European Journal of Personality 12:1-17.

10.  Pasupathi, M., & U.M. Staudinger. 2001. “Do Advanced Moral Reasoners Also Show Wisdom? Linking Moral Reasoning and Wisdom-Related Knowledge and Judgement.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 25(5), September:401-415.

11.   Pasupathi, Monisha, Ursula M Staudinger, & Paul B. Baltes. 2001. “Seeds of Wisdom: Adolescents' Knowledge and Judgment About Difficult Life Problems.” Developmental Psychology 37(3), May:351-361.

12.  Böhmig-Krumhaar, S. A., Staudinger, U. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Mehr Toleranz tut Not: Lässt sich wert-relativierendes Wissen und Urteilen mit Hilfe einer wissensaktivierenden Gedächtnisstrategie verbessern? [More tolerance is needed: Can value-relativistic knowledge and judgment be enhanced by means of a knowledge-activating memory strategy?]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 34, 30–43.

13.  Kunzmann, Ute, and P. B. Baltes. 2003. “Wisdom-Related Knowledge: Affective, Motivational, and Interpersonal Correlates.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29(9), September:1104-1119.

14.  Staudinger, Ursula M., & Monisha Pasupathi. 2003. “Correlates Of Wisdom-Related Performance in Adolescence and Adulthood: Age-Graded Differences in ‘Paths’ Toward Desirable Development.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 13(3 September):239-268.

15.  Glück, Judith, Baltes, Paul B. 2006. Using the Concept of Wisdom to Enhance the Expression of Wisdom Knowledge: Not the Philosopher's Dream but Differential Effects of Developmental Preparedness. Psychology & Aging; Vol. 21:4, December. pp. 679-690.

16.  Mickler, Charlotte, Staudinger, Ursula M. 2008. Personal Wisdom: Validation and Age-Related Differences of a Performance Measure. Psychology & Aging; Dec, Vol. 23(4), pp. 787-799.

17.  Marchand, Helena. 1998. Wisdom: A Case of High Level of Human Performance. In A.C. Quelhas & F. Pereira (Eds.), Cognition and Context (pp. 367-380). Lisboa: ISPA

18.  Pelechano, Vicente, & Rivero, A. J. 2004. Una Contrastación Parcial del Modelo de Sabiduría de Berlín: Resultados, Reflexión y una Propuesta. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(132), pp. 465-493.  

 

Model testing & developing

1.      Pelechano, Vicente, Fumero, Ascensión, & García, Livia. 2003. Acuerdo y Dificultad Percibida Como Criterios de Respuesta: Una Nota con Significación Teórica y Evaluativa en el Estudio de Refranes y Sabiduría. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 29(126), pp. 483-501.

2.      Pelechano, Vicente, García, Livia, & Fumero, Ascensión. 2004. Refranes y Sabiduría: El Cuestionario REFPRUD-1 de Pelechano: Teoría, Lógica y Datos de Validación. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(129), pp. 5-49.

3.      García, Livia, & Pelechano, Vicente. 2004. Western Traditional Wisdom Philosophies and Personality: A Preliminary Study. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol.30(134), pp. 949-961.

4.      Pelechano, Vicente. 2006, May. Sabiduría epicúrea y Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 6(2): 301-316.

5.        Yang, Shih-Ying.  2008. A Process View of Wisdom. Journal of adult development Vol. 15 Issue 2, pp. 62-75. 

6.      Jeste, Dilip V.;  Ardelt, Monika; Blazer, Dan; Kraemer, Helena C.; Vaillant, George; and Thomas W. Meeks. 2010. Expert Consensus on Characteristics of Wisdom: A Delphi Method Study. The Gerontologist. Vol. 50(5), 668–680.

7.      McGrath, Robert E. , Rashid, Tayyab , Park, Nansook and Peterson, Christopher. (2010). 'Is Optimal Functioning a Distinct State?', The Humanistic Psychologist, Vol. 38(2), pp. 159-169.[2]

8.      Taylor, Matthew; Bates, Glen; Webster, Jeffrey Dean. Comparing the Psychometric Properties of Two Measures of Wisdom: Predicting Forgiveness and Psychological Well-Being with the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) and the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). Experimental Aging Research, 37(2), Mar/Apr,  p129-141, DOI: 10.1080/0361073X.2011.554508

Baltes & Smith (1990)

Wisdom and age

1.      Grossmann, Igor; Na, Jinkyung; Varnuma, Michael E. W; Park, Denise C; Kitayama, Shinobu; Nisbett, Richard E. 2010. Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol.107(16), April, pp. 7246-7250.

2.   Ardelt, M. (2010). Are older adults wiser than college students? A comparison of two age cohorts. Journal of Adult Development, 17(4), 193-207.[3]

BWP

Life-satisfaction

1. Ardelt, Monika. 1997. “Wisdom and Life Satisfaction in Old Age.” Journal of Gerontoloy: Psychological Sciences, Vol. 52B(1):P15-P27.

2.      Ardelt, Monika. 2000. “Antecedents and Effects of Wisdom in Old Age: A Longitudinal Perspective on Aging Well.” Research on Aging, Vol 22(4), July:360-394.

3.      Takahashi, Masami, & Prashant Bordia. 2000. “The Concept of Wisdom: A Cross-cultural Comparison.” International Journal of Psychology 35(1), February 1:1-9.

4.      Brugman, Gerard. 2000. Wisdom: Source of Narrative Coherence & Eudaimonia. Delft, the Netherlands: Eburon.

Personality correlates

1.      Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2004a. Personalidad, Conocimiento Relacionado con la Sabiduría y Rendimiento Adadémico en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol 30(134), pp. 977-990.

2.      González Leandro, Pedro, & Pelechano, Vicente. 2004. Sabiduría Contemporánea, Motivación y Rendimiento Académico en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(134), pp. 963-975.

3.      Pelechano, Vicente, & Aguilera, F. J. 2004. El Cuestionario IA de Intolerancia de la Ambigüedad de Pelechano para Adultos: Presentación y Datos de Validación Interna, Convergente y Diferencial. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 30(133), pp. 627-662..

4.      Pelechano, Vicente, García, Livia & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2005. Filosofías Éticas Tradicionales, Sabiduría Popular y Personalidad. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 31(140), pp. 713-735.

BWP

Self-transcendence

  1. . no doi published.

  2. 2.      Levenson, Michael R., Jennings, Patricia A., Aldwin, Carolyn M., Shiraishi, Ray W. (2005). Self-Transcendence: Conceptualization And Measurement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Vol. 60, No.2, pp. 127-143.

3.      Le, Thao N.; Levenson, Michael R. 2005. Wisdom as self-transcendence: What's love (& individualism) got to do with it? Journal of Research in Personality, Vol 39(4), August. pp. 443-457.

4.      Le, Thao N. 2008. Cultural values, life experiences, and wisdom. International Journal of Aging & Human Development.  April (Vol 66(4) pp. 259-281.[4]

5.      Le, Thao N. 2008a.  Age differences in spirituality, mystical experiences and wisdom. Ageing and Society. Cambridge: Apr 2008. Vol. 28(3); pp. 383-411.[5]

6.       Beaumont, Sherry L. 2009. Identity Processing and Personal Wisdom: An Information-Oriented Identity Style Predicts Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence. Identity, Vol. 9(2) April, pp. 95-115.[6]

See also Wink & Helson 1997, Jennings et al. 2006.

 

Measuring

1.       Jason, Leonard A., Arne Reichler, Caroline King, Derryk Madsen, Jennifer Camacho, Wendy Marchese. 2001. “The Measurement of Wisdom: A Preliminary Effort.” Journal of Community Psychology 29(5):585-598.

2.   Ardelt, Monika. 2003. “Empirical Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale.” Research on Aging, Vol. 25(3):275-324.

3.    Benedikovicová, J., & Ardelt, M. (2008). The Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale in cross-cultural context: A comparison between American and Slovak college students. Studia Psychologica, 50(2), 179–190.

4.      Ardelt, Monika (2009) 'How Similar are Wise Men and Women? A Comparison Across Two Age Cohorts', Research in Human Development,Vol. 6(1),pp. 9-26[7]

5.      Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2003. “An Exploratory Analysis Of a Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale.” Journal of Adult Development 10(1), January:13-22.

6.      Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2007. Measuring the character strength of wisdom. International Journal of Aging & Human Development. Vol 65(2). pp. 163-183.

7.      Webster, Jeffrey Dean. 2010. Wisdom and Positive Psychosocial Values in Young Adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, Vol. 17, pp. 70-80.

8.      Brown, Scott C.; Greene, Jeffrey A. 2006. The Wisdom Development Scale: Translating the Conceptual to the Concrete. Journal of College Student Development, Vol 47(1), Jan-Feb. pp. 1-19.

9.      Greene, Jeffrey A.; Brown, Scott C.; The Wisdom Development Scale: Further validity investigations. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, Vol 68(4), 2009. pp. 289-320.

See BWP, Ardelt 2010

Qualitative

1.      Thomas, L. Eugene. 1991. Dialogues with Three Religious Renunciates and Reflections on Wisdom and Maturity. International Journal of Aging and Human Development Vol. 32(3). pp. 211-227.

2.      Ahmadi, F. 1998. Sufism and gerotranscendence: the impact of way of thinking, culture, and aging on spiritual maturity. Journal of Aging and Identity, 3, 4, 189–211.

3.      Levitt, H.M. 1999. “The Development of Wisdom: An Analysis of Tibetan Buddhist Experience.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 39:86–105. 

4.       Ahmadi, Fereshtah. (2000). Reflections on spiritual maturity and gerotranscendence: Dialogues with two Sufis. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 11(2), 43–74.

5.       Ahmadi Lewin, Fereshteh. 2000. Development Towards Wisdom and Maturity: Sufi Conception of Self. Journal of Aging and Identity Vol. 5(3) September, pp. 137-149.

6.       Montgomery, Anita, Clifton Barber, and Patrick McKee. 2002. “A Phenomenological Study of Wisdom In Later Life.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 54(2):139-157.

7.      Ardelt, Monika. (2005). How Wise People Cope with Crises and Obstacles in Life. Revision, Vol. 28, No. 1, Summer. pp. 7-19 [8]

8.      Ardelt, M. (2008). Self-development through selflessness: The paradoxical process of growing wiser. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 221–233.[9]

9.      Yang, Shih-Ying. 2008a.  Real-life contextual manifestations of wisdom. International Journal of Aging and Human Development Vol. 67(4), pp. 273-303[10]  

10.  Yang, Shih-Ying.  2009. Wisdom and Leadership: Experiential Learning in Contexts of Higher Education. Educational Policy Forum 2009(8), 162. Chinese.[11]

11.  Rathunde, Kevin. 2010. Experiential Wisdom and Optimal Experience: Interviews with Three Distinguished Lifelong Learners. Journal of Adult Development, Vol. 17, pp. 81-93.

 

Longitudinal

1.      Wink, Paul, and Ravenna Helson. 1997. “Practical and Trancendent Wisdom: Their Nature and Some Longitudinal Findings.” Journal of Adult Development 4(1):1-15.

2.      Ardelt, Monika. 1998. Social crisis and individual growth: the long-term effects of the great depression. Journal of Aging Studies, Vol. 12, Issue 3, Fall. pp. 291-314.

3.      Helson, Ravenna, & Sanjay Srivastava. 2002. “Creative and Wise People: Similarities, Differences, and How They Develop.” Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin 28(3), March:1430-1440.[12]

4.      Wink, P. and Dillon, M. 2003. Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 18, 4, 916–24. 

Ardelt 1997

Multicultural

1.  Takahashi, Masami, & Willis F. Overton. 2002. “Wisdom: A Culturally Inclusive Developmental Perspective.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 26(3):269-277.  

Yang, Shih-Ying. 2008a

Applied wisdom

1.       Limas, Michael J. and Robert O. Hansson. 2004. “Organizational Wisdom.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 59(2):85-103.

2.      Moberg, Dennis. 2008. Mentoring and Practical Wisdom: Are Mentors Wiser or Just More Politically Skilled?Journal of Business Ethics. Dordrecht: Dec 2008. Vol. 83, Iss. 4; p. 835.

3.      Gibson, Paul S. 2008. Developing practical management wisdom. Journal of Management Development. Volume: 27 No. 5, Pp: 528 – 536.

4.   Richard P. Bagozzi1,Frank Belschak, Willem Verbeke. 2010. The role of emotional wisdom in salespersons' relationships with colleagues and customers. Psychology and Marketing 27(11) November, pp. 1001-1031 Article first published online: 8 OCT 2010 DOI: 10.1002/mar.20370

5.       Jennings, Patricia A., Aldwin, Carolyn M., Levenson, Michael R., Spiro III, Avron, Mroczek, Daniel K. 2006. Combat Exposure, Perceived Benefits of Military Service, and Wisdom in Later Life. Research on Aging. 28:1 (January), pp. 115-134.

6.       Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth, Hall, Elisabeth O. C. 2007. Clinical wisdom among proficient nurses. Nursing Ethics, Vol 14(3), May. pp. 387-398.

7.      Ylimaki, Rose Marie;  McClain, Leslie J. 2009. Wisdom-centred educational leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, Vol. 12(1) Jan-March, pp. 13-33.

8.      Breier, Mignonne and Ralphs, Alan. 2009. In search of phronesis: recognizing practical wisdom in the Recognition (Assessment) of Prior Learning. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 30(4),pp. 479-493.

9.      Phan, Loan T; Rivera, Edil Torres; Volker, Martin; Maddux, Cleborne D. 2009. Wisdom in multicultural counseling: The omitted ingredient. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia. Vol.43(1), Jan-April, pp. 154-161.[13]

10.  Pellón Arcaya, Mario; Sepúlveda, Juan Mansilla; Cantero, Daniel San Martín. 2010. Importancia de la Sabiduría Didáctica Práctica como Fuente de Conocimiento Base para la Enseñanza de la Anatomía. International Journal of Morphology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 219-226.  

11.  Farquhar, Lynn. 2010. Wisdom in a Learning in Retirement Institute. Educational Gerontology, Volume 36(8) (August), pp. 641-653.

12.    Aldwin, C. M., Levenson, M. R., & Kelly, L. (2009). Life span developmental perspectives on stress-related growth. In C. L. Park, S. C. Lechner, M. H. Antoni, & A. L. Stanton (Eds.), Medical illness and positive life change: Can crisis lead to personal transformation? (pp. 87–104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

13.  Linden, M.; Baumann, K. and Lieberei, B. 2010. Cognitive behavioral wisdom psychotherapy in the treatment of posttraumatic embitterment disorders. European Psychiatry. Volume 25, Supplement 1, p. 1057.

14.  Ardelt, Monika , Landes, Scott D. and Vaillant, George E.(2010) 'The Long-Term Effects of World War II Combat Exposure on Later Life Well-Being Moderated by Generativity', Research in Human Development, 7: 3, 202 —220 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2010.504505

Yang 2009.

Developing wisdom

1.      Bailey, Andrew and Russell, Keith. 2010. A Way to Wisdom Through Service and Relationships. Journal of Experiential Education, Volume 32(3) pp. 317–321.[14]

Staudinger & Baltes (1996), Böhmig-Krumhaar, Staudinger, & Baltes 2002), Glück & Baltes (2006)

Implicit theories

1.   Clayton, Vivian P. and James E. Birren. 1980. “The Development Of Wisdom Across the Life Span: A Reexamination Of an Ancient Topic.” Life-Span Development and Behavior 3: 103-135.

2.      Sternberg, Robert J. 1985. “Implicit Theories of Intelligence, Creativity, and Wisdom.” Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 49(3), September:607-627.

3.      Holliday, Stephen G., Michael J. Chandler. 1986. Wisdom: Explorations in Adult Competence. Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG.

4.      Sowarka, D. 1989. “Weisheit und weise Personen: Common-Sense-Konzepte älterer Menschen” [“Wisdom and Wise Persons: Common Sense Concepts of Older People”]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 21:87-109.

5.      Orwoll, Lucinda, and Marion Perlmutter. 1990. “The Study of Wise Persons: Integrating a Personality Perspective.” Pp. 160-177 in Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development, edited by Robert. J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press.

6.      Denney, Nancy W., James R. Dew, and Shenan L. Kroupa. 1995. “Perceptions of Wisdom: What Is It and Who Has It?” Journal of Adult Development 2(1): 37-47.

7.      Hershey, Douglas A., & Alicia H. Farrell. 1997. “Perceptions of Wisdom Associated with Selected Occupations.” Current Psychology 16(2), Summer:115-130.

8.       Hira, Francis J., & Patricia J. Faulkender. 1997. “Perceiving Wisdom: Do Age and Gender Play a Part?” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 44(2):85-101.

9.      Oser, Fritz K., Dominik Schenker, Maria Spychiger. 1999. “Wisdom: An Action-Oriented Approach.” Pp. 155-172 in Psychological Studies On Spiritual and Religious Development: Being Human: The Case Of Religion, Vol. 2., edited by K. Helmut Reich, Fritz K. Oser, W. George Scarlett. Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers.

10.   Knight, A., and Parr, W. 1999. Age as a Factor of Judgements of Wisdom and Creativity. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 28, pp. 37-47.

11.  Yang, Shih-Ying. 2001. “Conceptions of Wisdom Among Taiwanese Chinese.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32(6), November:662-680.

12.  Perry, Cheryl L., Kelli A. Komro, Resa M. Jones, Karen Munson, Carolyn L. Williams, Leonard Jason. 2002. “The Measurement of Wisdom and Its Relationship to Adolescent Substance Use and Problem Behaviors.” Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 12(1):45-63.

13.  Bluck, Susan, and Judith Glück. 2004. “Making Things Better and Learning a Lesson: Experiencing Wisdom Across the Lifespan.” Journal of Personality 72(3), June:543-572.  

14.  Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2004. La Concepción Lega de Sabiduría, Intelligencia y Envejecimiento en Adolescentes. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol 30(131), pp. 437-460.

15.  Glück, Judith, Susan Bluck, Jacqueline Baron, Dan P. McAdams. 2005. “The Wisdom Of Experience: Autobiographical Narratives Across Adulthood.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 29(3), May:197–208.

16.  Brown, Scott C. 2004. Learning Across the  Campus: How College Facilitates the Development of Wisdom. Journal of College Student Development. Vol. 45(2), March/April: 134-148.

17.  Pelechano, Vicente, & González-Leandro, Pedro. 2006. Teoría Lega de Sabiduría en Adultos y Relaciones con el Yo Ideal. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol. 32(141), pp.65-81.

18.  Alves, Paulo Jorge P. 2007. A sabedoria: Construção de uma nova escala. (Preview = Wisdom: Construction of new scale.) Psicologia Educação Cultura (Portugal), Vol 11(2), Dec 2007. pp. 289-306.

19.  Ardelt, Monika. 2008a. Being Wise at Any Age. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Positive Psychology: Exploring th eBest in People, Volume 1: Discovering Human Strengths. Westport, CT: Praeger. pp. 81-108.

20.  González-Leandro, Pedro, Pelechano, Vicente, & Garcia, Livia. 2008. Concepción Lega de Sabio, Inteligente y Listo en Adolescentes. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, Vol 8(2), pp. 495-508.

21.  Rowley, Jennifer; Slack, Frances. 2009. Conceptions of wisdom. Journal of Information Science. Amsterdam: Vol. 35(1 Feb); pp. 110-119.

22.  Glück, Judith, Strasser, Irene and Bluck, Susan. 2009. 'Gender Differences in Implicit Theories of Wisdom', Research in Human Development, 6(1),pp. 27-44.

 

Marginal

1.       Takkinen, Sanna, and Ruoppila, Isto. 2001. Meaning in Life as an Important Component of Functioning in Old Age. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Vol 53(3), pp. 211-231.

2.      Sternberg, Robert J. 2010. Assessment of gifted students for identification purposes: New techniques for a new millennium. Learning and Individual Differences Vol. 20. pp. 327–336.

 

 

 

 

 

 



[1] Address correspondence to rtrowbridge@monroecc.edu or rht@wisdomcenteredlife.org.

[2] this sample “may, on average, demonstrate higher socioeconomic status than the general American population, which is a predictor of better emotional and behavioral functioning (Dohrenwend et al., 1992; Gallo, Bogart, Vranceanu, & Matthews, 2005)” (McGrath, R E. , Rashid, T. , Park, and Peterson (2010), p. 162).

[3] This study examined whether (a) older adults are wiser than college students, (b) college-educated older

adults are wiser than current college students, and (c) wise older adults show evidence of personal growth.

[4] In a sample of middle-aged to older community dwelling European American adults (n = 97), results suggested

that experiencing a macrosocial event as a negative experience, and spiritual/existential as a positive experience, interacted with conservation value to predict transcendent wisdom. Among Vietnamese American adults (n = 102), macrosocial event alone was negatively related to transcendent wisdom. These results suggest that not endorsing conservation value as one grows older and experiences different life events is beneficial for wisdom.

[5] This paper investigates the associations between spirituality and mystical experiences and two types of wisdom: practical wisdom, primarily the ability to understand and resolve difficult life dilemmas (or an ‘expert ’ knowledge

system and the highest level of synthesised mental functioning), and transcendent wisdom, which goes beyond personal self-interests, biases and perceptions, and involves the ability to see things or others as they are directly.

[6] This study was designed to investigate whether individual differences in young adults’ identity processing styles predict aspects of personal wisdom (self-actualization and self-transcendence) and related outcomes (meaning in life and subjective happiness). Fifty-three men and 105 women completed self-report questionnaires measuring: identity commitment; identity processing styles (informational, normative, diffuse-avoidant); self-actualization (via autonomy, adaptation, and psychological functioning); self-transcendence (decreasing reliance on externals for self-definition,

increasing interiority, and spirituality); meaning in life; and subjective happiness.

[7] Using samples of 464 undergraduate college students and 178 older adults (age 52+), univariate and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that wisdom (measured by cognitive, reflective, and affective characteristics) was unrelated to gender. Women, however, tended to score higher on the affective dimension of wisdom than men. By contrast, men tended to outperform women on the cognitive wisdom dimension only among the older cohort.

[8] The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was to examine how relatively wise older people cope with life crises in comparison to older people relatively low on wisdom” (pp. 7-8).

[9] A person in ssearch of wisdom will eventually come to the realization that what is conventionally called the ‘self,’ the ‘I,’ or the ‘ego’ is an illusion tht enables one to construct a stable imae of oneself. . . . To illustrate the process of self0-development through a quieting of the ego, semistructured interviews with three older adults who scored relatively high on the Cognitive Wisdom Dimension, the Reflective Wisdom Dimension, and especially the Affective Wisdom Dimension of the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale were analyzed in depth (p. 222).

[10] The present study aims to investigate manifestations of wisdom in real-life contexts through semi-structured interviews with 66 individuals nominated as wise persons.

[11] The present study examines within the context of higher education: (1) what leaders learn from leadrship experience; and (2) how is such learning related to wisdom

[12] The authors compared personality correlates of creative achievement and wise performance in middle-age women of a longitudinal study.In Q-sort descriptions, originality and ambition were particularly salient in creative individuals, whereas meaningmaking and benevolence were salient in wise individuals. Inventory measures of openness, unconventionality, ambition, and autonomy at age 21 predicted creative achievement, and measures of openness and tolerance predicted wisdom.Cr eative achievers increased over time in social integration and wise women in status-awareness.A behavioral commitment (creative activity soon after college or psychotherapeutic or spiritual careers) added significantly to age-21 openness and complexity to predict the criteria of creative achievement and wisdom.

[13] This study explored the relationship between wisdom and multicultural counseling expertise. Wisdom was defined by Hanna, Bemak, and Chi-Ying Chung (1999) and measured by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (Hy & Loevinger, 1996) and multicultural counseling expertise was measured by the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (D’Andrea, Daniels, & Heck, 1990) among counselors-in-training. . . . The findings indicated that levels of wisdom were statistically significant and accounted for 14% of the explained variance in the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (D’Andrea et al., 1990).

[14] Tests the effect of cross-country travel, community service, and nightly reflection activities on wisdom scores.